Relationship between self-efficacy, perceived academic performance, and grade point average of nursing students during COVID-19

Abstract

The coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the learning process of nursing students, including their theory, practicum, and practice. Meanwhile, an optimal result in the form of a grade point average (GPA) is obtained when students have the expected self-efficacy and academic perception. This study aims to determine the relationships and factors influencing self-efficacy, perceived academic performance, and GPA. This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 300 active nursing students in East Java Province who participated through distant learning in the 2020/2021 academic year were selected by simple random sampling, while the data were collected using an online Google form questionnaire from July 8 to 30, 2021. Self-efficacy was measured using the Academic Self-Efficacy and Efficacy for Self-Regulated Learning questionnaire, perceived academic self-efficacy was measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaire, and the GPA was filled in directly. Descriptive, confirmatory factor analysis, Spearman correlation, and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for analysis. The design research was conducted using a survey. A total of 300 active nursing students in East Java Province who participated through distant learning in the 2020/2021 academic year were selected by simple random sampling, while the data were collected using an online Google form questionnaire from July 8 to 30, 2021. Self-efficacy was moderately related to academic perception and weakly related to GPA. The influential factors included gender, current semester, academic year of entry, and level of nursing education. Therefore, self-efficacy is needed to complete education on time, whereas academic perception needs to be improved for practical learning.